Brazil

=Brazil : The largest country in Latin America!!!= Olá Pessoal! Welcom ao worls do Brasil! Brazil Fast Facts: ** Federative Republic of Brazil // República Federativa do Brasil // ** ** Motto ** ** : ** // "Ordem e Progresso" // "Order and Progress"
 * (Portuguese) **

** Anthem ** ** : ** Hino Nacional Brasileiro "National Anthem of Brazil" ** National seal ** Selo Nacional do Brasil "National Seal of Brazil" ** Capital: Brasília ** 15°45′S 47°57′W﻿ / ﻿15.75°S 47.95°W﻿ / -15.75; -47.95 42.6% Pardo (Brown) 6.9% Black 0.5% Asian 0.3% Amerindian ** Demonym: ** Brazilian ** Independence **** : FROM PORTUGAL ** Declared: September 7, 1822 Recognized: August 29, 1825 Republic: November 15, 1889 Current Constitution: October 5, 1988 ** Area: ** 8,514,877 km2 ( 5th ) 3,287,597 sq mi  ** Water ** ** ( % ): ** 0.65 ** Population ** 2007 Census: 189,987,291 Density 22/km2 ( 182nd ) 57/sq mi
 * (Portuguese) **
 * (Portuguese) **
 * Largest city: ** São Paulo
 * Official languages: ** Portuguese
 * Ethnic groups: ** 49.7% White
 * Government: ** Presidential Federal republic
 * President: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ( PT )
 * Vice President: José Alencar ( PRB )
 * President of the Chamber Deputies: Michel Temer ( PMDB )
 * President of the Senate: José Sarney (PMDB)
 * Chief Justice: Gilmar Mendes
 * 2008 Estimate: ** 198,739,269 ( 5th )

Historical background:
=== The most people who live in Brazil are the descendants of the nomads who came from Asia. In the ice age, there was a connection of an ice layer between Russia and North America. By that way, the nomads from Asia traveled to the Americas and settled. In 1500 AD, Brazil had an estimated total population 3 million American Indians. Survey found that there are more than 188 living indigenous languages with 155,000 total speakers. In 2007, Fundação Nacional do Índio ( //National Indian Foundation//) reported the presence of 67 different tribes yet living without contact with civilization, up from 40 in 2005. So then now Brazil has the largest number of uncontacted peoples in the world, even more than the island of New Guinea. When the Portuguese explorers arrived in 1500, the American Indians were mostly semi-nomadic tribes, with the largest population living on the coast and along the banks of major rivers. Unlike Christopher Columbus who thought he had reached India, the Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama had already reached India sailing around Africa two years before Pedro Álvares Cabral  reached Brazil. Nevertheless, the word //índios// ("Indians") was by then established to designate the peoples of the New World and stuck being used today in the Portuguese language, while the people of India are called //indianos//. Initially, the Europeans saw the natives as noble savages, and miscegenation  of the population began right away. Tribal warfare and cannibalism convinced the Portuguese that they should " civilize  " the Amerindians. The Portuguese people got interested in Brazil because the brazilwood, from which red dy was made, was found in brazil.=== Several early settlements were founded along the coast, among them the colonial capital, Salvador, established in 1549 at the Bay of All Saints in the north, and the city of Rio de Janeiro on March 1567, in the south. During the 17th century, private explorers from São Paulo Captaincy, now called Bandeirantes, explored and expanded Brazil's borders, mainly while raiding the hinterland tribes to enslave native Brazilians. In the 18th century, the Bandeirantes found gold and diamond deposits in the modern-day state of Minas Gerais. Profits from the development of these deposits were mostly used to finance the Portuguese Royal Court's expenditure on the preservation of its Global Empire and the support of its luxurious lifestyle. In 1808, the Portuguese court, fleeing from Napoleon’s troops who were invading Portugal and most of Central Europe, established themselves in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which thus became the seat of government of Portugal and the entire Portuguese Empire, even though it was located outside of Europe. Rio de Janeiro was the capital of the Portuguese empire from 1808 to 1815, while Portugal repelled the French invasion in the Peninsular War. After this all, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825) was created with Lisbon as its capital. After João VI returned to Portugal in 1821, his heir-apparent Pedro became regent of the Kingdom of Brazil, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Following a series of political incidents and disputes, Brazil achieved its independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October 1822, Dom Pedro became the first Emperor of Brazil, being crowned on 1 December 1822. Portugal recognized Brazil as an independent country in 1825. On 23 July 1840, Pedro II was crowned Emperor. Brazil stopped trading slaves from Africa in 1850. In 1808 while fleeing from Napoleon’s troops who were invading Portugal and most of Central Europe, the Portuguese established themselves in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which thus became the seat of government of Portugal and the entire Portuguese Empire, even though it was located outside of Europe. Rio de Janeiro was the capital of the Portuguese empire from 1808 to 1815, while Portugal repelled the French invasion in the Peninsular War. After that, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825) was created with Lisbon as its capital. After João VI returned to Portugal in 1821, his heir-apparent Pedro became regent of the Kingdom of Brazil, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Following a series of political incidents and di r sputes, Brazil achieved its independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October 1822, Dom Pedro became the first Emperor of Brazil, being crowned on 1 December 1822. Portugal recognized Brazil as an independent country in 1825. = =

=== Brazil occupies about the half of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil covers a total area of 8,514,215 km² (3,287,357 sq mi) which includes 8,456,510 km² (3,265,076 sq mi) of land and 55,455 km² (21,411 sq mi) of water. The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m (9,823 ft). Brazil is bordered by the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. By comparison, Brazil is slightly smaller in land mass than the United States. Most of the climate in Brazil is tropical. The largest river in Brazil and one of the longest in the world is the Amazon. The rainforest that covers the Amazon Basin make up almost half of the rainforests on Earth. ===